Physics demonstrations: rolling uphill

Some of the best and most enjoyable demonstrations of physics principles can be put together quite readily with very cheap materials.  A good example of this was the simple version of the Magdeburg hemisphere demo I discussed previously; another example is the approximately $20 device shown below.

A pair of rails spread apart as they increase in altitude: they are 3” high on the right side, and 4” high on the left.  This is easier to see from a side view.

A pair of plastic funnels have been glued together at their wide ends; when the joined cones are placed on the right, lower, side of the device, they immediately roll to the left, stopping only when they hit the uprights on the far left side.  The joined cones have rolled uphill, in seeming defiance of gravity!

Of course, this simple device can be readily explained by physics, and its unusual operation can be used to highlight an important principle in the physics of forces and motion.

Continue reading

Posted in Physics demos | 2 Comments

Philip Wylie’s Gladiator (1930)

Stories of superheroes have evolved dramatically since the appearance of Superman in Action Comics #1 in 1938.  Where many of the first, like Superman, were moral, upstanding individuals striving to do good in the world, many modern heroes are flawed, struggling with a sense of purpose and with their own sense of right and wrong.  The supreme example of this modern style are the characters in Alan Moore’s graphic novel Watchmen (1986-1987), who are faced with a world with problems much greater than they can solve.

Before even Superman, however, there was a super-powered protagonist that struggled to find his place in the world: the character of Hugo Danner in Philip Wylie’s 1930 novel Gladiator.

In fact, Wylie’s Danner was likely a major inspiration for Superman!  Though Shuster and Siegel never admitted as much, the similarities are striking, and it is hard to imagine that the two Superman creators were unaware of the popular novel.

Continue reading

Posted in Weird fiction | 1 Comment

The Giant’s Shoulders #47 is up at The Medical Heritage Library!

A week delayed, but worth the wait:  the 47th edition of The Giant’s Shoulders history of science blog carnival is up at The Medical Heritage Library!  In this edition, you can read about:

  • the politics of Isaac Newton’s knighthood,
  • the gruesome history of eating corpses as medicine,
  • the story of  Lady Mary Montagu, who introduced smallpox innoculation to London,
  • the Great New York Starvation Challenge of 1881,
  • and much more!

A very hearty thanks to Hannah for assembling such a nice carnival!

Once again, we have run out of hosts for future editions of the carnival!  If you are willing to host a future edition (including and especially June), please let myself or ThonyC, the carnival organizers, know!  You can either send an email or leave a comment on this post.

Posted in General science, Science news | Leave a comment

Personal book page for “Mathematical Methods”

Now that the semester is over and I have some time, I finally got around to writing a short book page for my Mathematical Methods for Optical Physics and Engineering textbook!

This page will serve as a place to post any new information about the book, as well as the errata and supplemental problems (as soon as I get around to writing them).

Posted in Personal | Leave a comment

An American in Spain, part 7: the Plaza de España, Seville

Part 7 of a photo travelogue of my (not quite so) recent trip to Spain with my wife and her family! (Part 1Part 2Part 3Part 4Part 5, Part 6)

Our first full day in Seville was quite a busy one!  In the morning, we visited the Seville Cathedral (part 5), and around lunchtime we visited the Real Alcázar (part 6).  After that visit, we were quite exhausted, but there was at least one more “must see” location in Seville: the Plaza de España!  Madrid also has a Plaza de España*, but Seville’s is in a completely different league, as we will see.

The Plaza was a bit of a walk from the Cathedral and the Alcázar, and we were pretty exhausted, so we stopped along the way first to grab some lunch.  I didn’t get a photo of that day’s meal, but this is nevertheless a good place to share a photo of the previous evening’s dinner.

A tapas dinner in Seville.

The upper left corner is a plate of prawns (niece-in-law #2 was appalled by the huge eyes on them), and the other two plates are traditional Spanish tapas: croquetas on the top and a Spanish tortilla on the bottom.  I loved both of these plates and ate them almost every day, eventually burning out on them by the end of the trip!

Continue reading

Posted in Travel | 1 Comment

The secret molecular life of soap bubbles (1913)

Nature can be extremely devious in the way it hides its secrets.  Sometimes the most remarkable and profound insights are staring us right in the face every day in the most mundane phenomena.

For instance, we have all seen the spectacular colors that can appear in soap bubbles:

Image from Microscopy-uk.org.uk, by Michael Reese Much. Borrowing his lovely images until I can produce my own!

These colors are produced by optical interference, as we will discuss below; the “thin film optics” that creates bright colors in soap films also results in the bright colors of oil slicks.

A rainbow of color produced by white light reflecting off of a thin layer of diesel fuel on water, via Wikipedia.

Most of us would look at a soap film image and marvel at the beautiful rainbow colors; others would investigate the optics underlying them.  But it took an exceptional physicist, Jean Baptiste Perrin (1870-1942), to realize that these colors concealed something more: direct evidence that matter consists of discrete atoms and molecules!

Continue reading

Posted in History of science, Optics | 11 Comments

Physics demonstrations: Magdeburg hemispheres

Sometimes one can demonstrate very profound and remarkable physics with very simple, even mundane, tools.  Last week I received the tools to perform one such demonstration by mail:

This pair of iron hemispheres, with handles attached and a valve on one side, are a small scale model of one of the earliest and most dramatic displays of the power of atmospheric pressure.  They are now known as the Magdeburg hemispheres, and they still work as a great demo to this day.

Continue reading

Posted in Physics demos | 22 Comments

An American in Spain, part 6: Real Alcázar of Seville

Part 6 of a photo travelogue of my recent trip to Spain with my wife and her family! (Part 1Part 2Part 3Part 4, Part 5)

On our first full day in Seville, we spent the morning visiting the Seville Cathedral, as described in the previous Spain post.  That was only the beginning of the day, however, as we went directly from the cathedral to the Alcázar, a beautiful royal palace with a long  and storied history.  It is still used by the Spanish Royal family as a residence when staying in Seville.

Entrance to the Real Alcázar of Seville, the Puerta del León.

This palace-fortress has such a long history, with such extensive renovations and changes, that even its date of origin is unclear!  It seems that many of the surviving structures date from the 14th century, though some remains could date back as early at the 10th century.

Continue reading

Posted in Travel | 2 Comments

Coherence, plasmons, and me!

ResearchBlogging.orgI don’t often talk about my own research on this blog… heck, I don’t think I’ve ever talked about my own research here, come to think of it!  I thought it would be a nice change of pace to describe a paper that recently appeared in the journal Plasmonics of which I am a co-author.  The paper, titled, “Coherence converting plasmonic hole arrays”, describes how  one can use an array of subwavelength-size holes in a thin metallic screen to alter the statistical properties of a light beam incident upon it!  It has appeared online at Springer’s site and will be “officially” published later this year.

For those not familiar with optics, there’s a lot to unpack in even the title of the paper: What is “coherence”?  What is a “plasmon”?  Why do we care about “converting” coherence?  Let’s take a look at each of these ideas in turn as we build an explanation of what my collaborators and I have accomplished!

Continue reading

Posted in Optics | 10 Comments

“Arago’s inadvertent test of relativity” in Optics & Photonics News!

This is just a short post to announce that my third popular science article written for a magazine appeared online today!  “Arago’s inadvertent test of relativity” has appeared in the May issue of Optics & Photonics News, the news magazine of the Optical Society of America.  The article discusses how François Arago stumbled across the first experimental evidence for Einstein’s special theory of relativity, though he didn’t realize it!

Unfortunately, the article is only available to subscribers; however, if you’re interested in reading about Arago’s exploits, you can look at a blog post I did on the subject a few years ago at this link.

Posted in Optics, Personal | Leave a comment