The Giant’s Shoulders #42 is out!

The 42nd edition of The Giant’s Shoulders, the history of science blog carnival, is up at PACHSmörgåsbord!  In it, you can see maps of the Moon that date back to the 17th century, how to write the square root of 2 in ancient Babylon, and a discussion of the “dancing fever”!  Thanks to Darin for once again putting together an excellent carnival!

The deadline for the next edition is January 15th, but we don’t have a host yet!  We desperately need hosts for all upcoming editions in 2012!  If you can help, please contact  Thony C at Renaissance Mathematicus or Dr SkySkull at Skulls in the Stars, or leave a comment here.

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Sir Edmond Halley takes a dive! (1714)

ResearchBlogging.orgIf you study enough history of science, you learn that the things that scientists are most famous for are often not their only work of interest — or even the most fascinating thing they’ve done!  The significance of a scientist’s major discovery can overshadow and obscure things that are quite intriguing, and even more of an influence in contemporary times.  An obvious example of this is Albert Einstein: he’s known popularly for his work on the theory of relativity, but relatively few people outside of science are aware that he made important theoretical contributions to quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, as well — all three in the same year, in fact!

A less familiar example is Sir Edmond Halley (1656-1742).  You most likely know him for Halley’s Comet!  He was not the discoverer of said comet, but was the first to recognize that the comet that appeared in 1682 must be the same object that had also been observed in 1531 and 1607 , and he predicted its return in another 76 years.  This prediction, based on Newton’s laws of gravity and motion, was vindicated in 1758 by the German farmer and astronomer Johann Georg Palitzsch.  Halley was in general a very successful astronomer, even becoming the second ever Astronomer Royal in Great Britain in 1720.

What you likely do not know about Halley, however, is that he spent extended periods of time deep underwater!  In volume 29 of the Philosophical Transactions, dated 1714-1716, Halley published the results of his experimentation in new ways to work comfortably underwater, titled suggestively: “The art of living under water”.  Halley’s work, in which he improved existing models of diving bells, turned out to be influential for years after its publication, and his techniques were implemented by many undersea laborers.

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Weird science facts, December 7 — December 13

Here we are again, with a week’s worth of #weirdscifacts!

634. Dec 07: Think your appetite is big? The black swallower can eat fish up to 3x its size! (h/t @sfriedscientist)  A picture of this nightmarish fish, with a full belly, is shown below (source):

635. Dec 08: Planet Neptune has wind speeds up to 1200 mph — roughly 10 times the speeds of hurricanes on Earth!  It is nothing short of amazing to see such high wind speeds on a planet that gets a fraction of the solar energy of Earth.  I’m going to blog about this one in the near future…

636. Dec 09: Biggest black hole yet discovered: mass of 21 billion Suns!!!  (h/t @jeffersonobama)

637. Dec 10: Story from a few days ago: the Cambrian predator with 16,000 eyes!

638. Dec 11: Louis Le Prince (1841-1890) would’ve been the father of movies had he not disappeared mysteriously.  Le Prince was planning to give a demonstration of his technology in the United States when he and his luggage vanished without a trace.   A century later, a photo of a drowned man that might have been him was found in an old police archive.  Foul play?  Others were able to capitalize on movie technology without Le Prince’s presence.

639. Dec 12: Nicolas Cugnot built a steam-powered car… in 1769? The original steampunk!!! It isn’t exactly a high-performance machine, traveling at best some 5 mph and probably not going even a mile before running out of steam.  In spite of its limitations, it was a full-scale “horseless carriage” over a hundred years before cars would truly come into their own!  Cugnot’s 1771 model is shown below (source):

640. Dec 13: Mustard gas — a deadly weapon in WWI whose properties led to it becoming the first chemotherapy drug.

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No “Weird Fiction Monday” this week!

Once again, life & work have conspired to keep me from writing (or editing) fiction!  I’ll try and post some new weird tales next Monday.

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Mireya Mayor’s “Pink Boots and a Machete”

In my studies of historical figures, I’ve reserved a special spot in my heart for those people whose lived their lives, for lack of a better word, “awesomely”.   My criterion for such “awesome” people is to imagine them arriving in the afterlife: would they get a standing ovation for how they lived?  It isn’t enough to have just been wildly successful in life, either; the people on my list have had a positive influence on others, going out of their way to make the world a better place.

Two examples come to mind. The first of these is Annie Oakley (1860-1926), the American sharpshooter who rose above a troubled childhood to become one of the most famed entertainers of her day.  She was also generous with her wealth, and promoted women’s rights and supported many orphans, widows and young women.  The second example is Josephine Baker (1906-1975), an African-American dancer and singer who started life in poverty but found massive fame in France and became the first African-American woman to star in a major motion picture.  She adopted numerous children to balance her own childhood, used her celebrity to work effectively as a spy against the Nazis in World War II, and supported the civil rights movement and the NAACP.

Both of these women led lives that just make you pause and go, “wow”.

It is premature and presumptuous of me to add someone to this list of awesomeness whose career is still ongoing, but after finishing Mireya Mayor’s memoir, Pink Boots and a Machete, I had that same “wow” moment.  Mayor has led a remarkable life so far, and her memoir is filled with events that are alternately fascinating, amazing, touching and horrifying!

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Posted in General science, Women in science | 6 Comments

Weird science facts, November 30 — December 6

Another week of non-stop Twitter #weirdscifacts!  How much more can I go on??!!  I hope for another few months, at least!

627. Nov 30: Bertholdia trigona, the tiger moth that can jam a bat’s echolocation with ultrasound!  Bats seek their prey using echolocation: seeing with sound waves.  Just like a radar jammer can block radio signals, the tiger moth can scramble a bat’s echolocation using its own ultrasound!

628. Dec 01: The giant weta: how giant do you like your insects?  (h/t @msbellows)  This is a pretty amazing insect but, as David Winter noted, it isn’t the largest insect on the planet by any measure, as the article reports!

629. Dec 02: I’m on an insect kick: Chan’s megastick, 22 inches long and with winged eggs! This giant insect is doubly odd, with its winged eggs!  The article describes them as a Harry Potter “snitch”, but this isn’t what they really look like.  The wings do serve a practical purpose, however: allowing the eggs to glide sufficiently far from the parent’s tree so that there isn’t competition between parent and offspring.

630. Dec 03: 65 billion solar neutrinos pass through every square cm of the Earth every second.  An unfathomable amount of neutrinos pass through the human body, and the entire Earth, every second!  Neutrinos interact so weakly with ordinary matter that they are exceedingly likely to pass through the entire planet without a single interaction.

631. Dec 04: Henry the tuatara, who became a dad at 111 years old (with a 70-something year old mate).  Age is very relative!  The long-lived tuataras can apparently breed up through exceedingly old age.

632. Dec 05: Wild gorilla tool use: Leah probing the depth of swampy water!  A number of primates are known to use tools, but wild gorillas were not known to do this until around 2005, when Leah was spotted using a stick to probe the depth of a treacherous swamp.  This is a surprising level of sophistication, and has led to a reassessment of gorilla intelligence and social structure; see photos of Leah in the act here. (This fact comes via @mireyamayor‘s memoir, Pink Boots and a Machete, which I hope to review soon!)

633. Dec 06: The planet Mercury, where a single day lasts 2 years!  Mercury actually takes 88 days to orbit the Sun; from a “fixed” perspective, it rotates completely on its axis 1.5 times for every orbit.  Keep in mind, though, that one full rotation per orbit would leave the same side of the planet illuminated all the time!  1.5 rotations per orbit means that, after one year,  it is full night on Mercury; after one more year, it is noon again.

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Open Lab 2011: the finalists announced! (and I’m one of them!)

I got a spot of nice news yesterday:  the finalists for Open Lab 2011 were announced, and one of my posts will be included!

For those who are unfamiliar, The Open Laboratory is a collection of the “best” science writing online over the past year.  I put “best” in quotation marks because there is a ton of good science writing that is submitted — some 700 submissions were whittled down to a mere 51 — and there were certainly lots of Open Lab-worthy posts that simply couldn’t be fit in!  With that in mind, I’m honored that my post on the Mpemba effect made the cut.  This is the second year that I’ve made it into Open Lab, which gives me some reassurance that I’m doing something right!

The complete list of finalists is posted on Cocktail Party Physics.  It is a wonderful collection of posts, and major credit should be giving to Jennifer Ouellette as the guest editor for this year’s edition (she even removed one of her own worthy posts from consideration to allow someone else to be recognized in the collection).

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Weird Fiction Monday: Away From It All

It’s time for Weird Fiction Monday, when I post stories that I’ve written — both new and old — for the entertainment (hopefully) of my readers!  As always, I note that I haven’t done extensive editing of the tales here, so don’t be surprised to find the writing a little rough.

This is another one from the archives, first written at the end of 1998.

Away From It All

When people are dying mysteriously in the mountains, a clever vacationer can get a really good deal on a hunting cabin out there. At least that’s what Mark had told them when he agreed to make the arrangements for them that summer. As it turned out, the deal wasn’t so great, and people were still dying under mysterious circumstances by the time of the trip, but they all had money to kill, and vacation time to burn, and guns to defend themselves with, so they decided to make the trek anyway.

They used Jake’s Cherokee to cover most of the distance from the big city, and Toby volunteered to drive it as far as they could take it. The cabin wasn’t accessible by road, so they had to park the jeep in a small lot about seven miles away and make the rest of the journey on foot.

The walk was hard than any of them expected. Up and down the foothills they hiked, and across small runoff streams, following the thin, almost nonexistent trail that the cabin’s lessor had promised would lead them to their vacation spot for the week. Not surprisingly, well before the log-constructed edifice came into view, Toby was complaining quite vocally about the long walk.

“I just don’t see why we need to be situated so far away from everything,” he said, pulling at the straps to his backpack uncomfortably. “I’ve seen hunters perfectly happy working right off the expressways.”

Jake looked sideways at Mark, then turned to look back at Toby.

“How many deer do you think we’ll get stomping through the bush with an army of other guys? This is the way to hunt – away from everyone and everything. Except the deer.”

“Even the deer probably don’t come this far,” Toby muttered.

Mark and Jake exchanged another glance, and the implied question between them was easily understandable. Would they have to put up with this shit for the entire week?

“Besides,” Mark said to Toby, waving an arm vaguely at the forest around them. “We’ll only be making this hike one more time – to leave. We’ll spend the week sitting in place, waiting for the animals to come to us. And we’re here already.”

The trail they had been following wandered to the edge of a reasonably large clearing and faded out. The cabin awaited them within the clearing. Jake noticed with some displeasure that it seemed a little older and less sophisticated than Mark had suggested it would be, and he wondered if that had been Mark’s exaggeration or the owner’s. This building might be a hundred years old, or more. The exterior wood was almost completely blackened, the result of the rot of countless winters. The top of the chimney listed grossly towards the surrounding forest, as if it were trying to tear itself free. Low, stunted weeds grew all throughout the clearing, leading right up to the first steps of the cabin.

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A Brief History of Stephen Hawking!

In September of this year, the Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada opened their new Stephen Hawking Centre to provide more space for more researchers to investigate the foundations of physics.  As part of their opening celebration, they produced a short film on the life and works of the inspirational Stephen Hawking, and they were kind enough to forward me a link to the video.

If you have 5 minutes, enjoy “A Brief History of Stephen Hawking”!

(One thing I realized while watching the video that I should have learned long ago: Pink Floyd used excerpts of Stephen Hawking’s words and electronic voice in their song, “Keep Talking“.  The video for “Keep Talking” is here!)

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Weird science facts, November 23 — November 29

Another week of Twitter #weirdscifacts!  It’s kind of hard to believe that I’ve been doing this for over 600 days straight.

620. Nov 23: Can’t beat this today: ‘Brinicle‘ ice finger of death filmed in Antarctic!  Supercold brine descends, ever so slowly, to the sea bed, where it spreads rapidly and freezes everything in its path…

621. Nov 24: Dolbear’s Law (1897): the possibility to crudely estimate temperature via cricket chirp rates. 

622. Nov 25:  Wood frogs with natural antifreeze can survive up to 65% of body water freezing. I saw “The Muppets” on this particular day, so it seemed appropriate to use a frog-themed tweet!

623. Nov 26: In 1874, physicist William Thomson proposed to his future wife by signaling from ship to shore. 

624. Nov 27: Because he couldn’t find a decent chemistry textbook, Mendeleev wrote his own & constructed the periodic table in process.  It’s quite fascinating to think that the entire history of chemistry might have been different if the existing textbooks hadn’t sucked!

625. Nov 28: Flying frogs? Well, gliding frogs, but still weird!  These are not as odd as the “flying snakes” that we’ve discussed previously, but I had a bunch of frog facts on hand…

626. Nov 29: Every calcium ion in your skeleton gets replaced about every 20 yrs! (h/t @krystaldcosta @bonegirlphd)

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