A curious 1880s account of ball lightning

The older scientific journals (pre-1900) are filled with many curious and strange eyewitness accounts.  By the late 1800s, science had reached a level at which researchers felt confident enough to investigate a wide variety of unusual phenomena, but did not have quite enough knowledge to explain (or discount) every observation that came to their attention.  Recording them in the journals for future reference was a very natural thing to do.

With that in mind, some time ago I read a short letter¹ titled, “Curious electrical phenomenon” in an issue of Science Magazine from 1880.  Written by one F.T. Mott of “Bristal Hill, near Leicester”, I present the text of the letter in its entirety:

At about 4.30 P. M. this day a severe thunder storm with a deluge of rain came up from the north-west, and lasted about an hour. At 5.30 my wife waas standing at the window watching the receding storm, which still raged in the south, just over Leicester, when she observed, immediately after a double flash of lightning, what seemed like a falling star, or a fire-ball from a rocket, drop out of the black cloud about 25° above the horizon, and descend perpendicularly until lost behind a belt of trees. The same phenomenon was repeated at least a dozen times in fifteen minutes, the lightning flashes following each other very rapidly, and the thunder consisting of short and sharp reports. After nearly every flash a fire-ball descended. These balls appeared to be about one-fifth or one-sixth the diameter of the full moon, blunt and rounded at the bottom, drawn out into a tail above, and leaving a train of light behind them. Their color was mostly whitish, but one was distinctly pink, and the course of one was sharply zig-zagged. They fell at a rate certainly not greater than that of an ordinary shooting star. I have never witnessed a phenomenon of this kind myself, but my wife is a good observer, and I can vouch for the trustworthiness of her report.

This sounds very much like a description of ball lightning, a very rare atmospheric phenomenon that still isn’t well understood to this day — and has even been hypothesized to be a magnetic-field induced hallucination!

Is this observation a real example of ball lightning?  Of course, it is impossible to answer this question with certainty from such a short eyewitness account.  I’ve got a lot more to say about ball lightning, and I’ll come back to a more detailed discussion of the curious history of ball lightning in a future post.

I have to say, the final sentence of the letter really makes me smile!

*****************************

¹ F.T. Mott, “Curious electrical phenomenon,” Science 1 (August 7, 1880), 72.

Posted in History of science | 4 Comments

The Giant’s Shoulders #41 is out!

The 41st edition of The Giant’s Shoulders history of science blog carnival has been posted over at Early Modern Experimental Philosophy!  It includes discussions of vampires, ghosts, and armies of ape-warriors (yes, this is still a history of science blog carnival!), as well as (very) early ideas of space travel and old descriptions of volcanic eruptions.  Many thanks to Alberto for putting together an excellent carnival!

The deadline for the next edition is December 15th, but we desperately still need a host for this edition, as well as upcoming editions in 2012!  If you can help, please contact  Thony C at Renaissance Mathematicus or Dr. SkySkull at Skulls in the Stars, or leave a comment here.

Posted in General science, Science news | Leave a comment

Weird science facts, November 9 — November 15

Another week’s Twitter #weirdscifacts are ready!!!  I’ve included a “bonus” fact this week, since it was too weird to not tweet right away…

606. Nov 09: A foot-long cockroach-like creature with 50 legs ruled the sea floor 500 million years ago.  Life takes on, and has taken on, many bizarre forms.  (Via @mocost)

607. Nov 10: Be afraid: the snakehead fish, an invasive species, can survive out of water for 4 days! 

608. Nov 11: In 1818, doctor chemist Andrew Ure performed electrical expts on an executed murderer that terrified the audience…and one gentleman fainted!  This isn’t the first “corpse electrifier” we’ve seen in #weirdscifacts — a little over a decade earlier, Giovanni Aldini horrified audiences in a similar way.

609. Nov 12: Another titanic team-up: badgers & coyotes working together, and playing together, to catch prey!  It is remarkable to see such cross-species cooperation: coyotes are good at tracking down the prey, while the badgers excel at digging them out!

610. Nov 13: The 65 MYO Chicxulub asteroid impact (thought to have killed the dinosaurs) generated megatsunamis as high as 3 km (1.9 mi).

610a. Bonus #weirdscifacts, via @aetiology: having sex with animals increases risk of penile cancer!  The oddest thing about this fact is that the researchers were able to get a significant collection of subjects who had had sex with animals…

611. Nov 14: Not all cockroaches are ugly! Behold Ellipsidion australe!  (h/t @bug_girl)  Another view!

612. Nov 15: The only piece of artwork on the Moon

Posted in Weirdscifacts | 1 Comment

Weird Fiction Monday: The Voice of the City

It’s time for Weird Fiction Monday, when I post stories that I’ve written — both new and old — for the entertainment (hopefully) of my readers!  As always, I note that I haven’t done extensive editing of the tales here, so don’t be surprised to find the writing a little rough.

This particular story was written in 2001, less than a month after the September 11 attacks.  I don’t know if that has any significance.

The Voice of the City

I knew I was fucked when I saw the cream-colored Cadillac coming down the street towards me. I immediately turned and ran the other way. With a roar, though, the car charged forward, swerved across the other lane of traffic, and cut me off, knocking over a newspaper vending machine in the process. Albert Dell’s goons, big, tree trunk looking guys, lurched out of the passenger side of the car and rushed me. I tried to punch and kick my way away from them, but it was like trying to fight a pair of refrigerators. The two goons grabbed me and, with little ceremony or pomp, stuffed me in the back seat of the Cadillac between them. Once the door closed, the car juddered back off the curb, and down the street we went.

There had, of course, been other people on the street that witnessed all of this commotion. It was late in the day, and the sun was setting, but the lanes were still filled with the usual weeknight urban traffic. Nobody bothered to try and help me, though, or to call for help. This was the sort of neighborhood in the city where it was safer to mind your business.

Albert Dell was driving the Cadillac, and he grinned at me through the rearview mirror. He had plenty of cronies who could do the driving for him, but somehow I think he felt he wouldn’t be a man if he didn’t do it himself.

Continue reading

Posted in Fiction | 2 Comments

Getting more with less in imaging: compressive sensing

Update: I felt my original explanations were a little lacking in places, so I’ve added to the post…

In recent years, the public has seen remarkable advances in digital imaging technology. In the past few months, for instance, Lytro has introduced its fascinating “light field camera“, a camera which allows one to focus photographs after they’ve been taken!  Their gallery of pictures, which one can dynamically adjust the focus of, are quite spectacular.

The light field camera works its magic by recording not only the color and intensity of incoming light arriving at an array of digital sensors, but also the direction of individual light rays.  This directional information allows one to virtually adjust the focus of an image, change the perspective of the image, or even construct a fully three-dimensional image.

In simplest terms, the light field camera captures more information than an ordinary digital camera.  One might consider this a new stage in a general trend in digital photography: the first prototype digital camera built by Sony in 1981 possessed 720,000 pixels (light sensors), whereas modern digital cameras possess anywhere between 12 million and 16 million pixels.  Newer cameras gather more information in a single photograph, and this allows the production of images of increasingly higher resolution.

Another recent discovery, unnoticed by the public, will likely have an even greater influence on optics and imaging than the light field camera.  The new technique associated with it, called compressive sensing, could result in newer cameras producing higher-quality images but having less pixels than current models — and could even result in high-resolution cameras with a single pixel!

At the recent Optical Society in America’s Frontiers in Optics meeting in San Jose, compressive sensing made the list of “hot topics in optics” for the second year in a row.  It’s too early to determine exactly how much of an impact the technique will have on modern technology, and when it will have that impact, but it is a fascinating discovery that challenges fundamental assumptions in optical imaging.  With that in mind, it’s worth describing what compressive sensing is, and why it could revolutionize the way we collect data!

Continue reading

Posted in Mathematics, Optics | 27 Comments

In which I engage in mathematical silliness…

There’s been a silly trigonometric pun going around on Google+ the past week involving Bill Cosby.  Having seen it enough times, I’ve decided to fight back with my own:

I would like to apologize in advance; you may now return to your regularly scheduled blog-reading.

Update: Yes, I do have some work that I really should be doing.  Why do you ask? 😉

Update 2: I couldn’t resist adding this one:

Posted in Mathematics, Silliness | 6 Comments

Weird science facts, November 2 — November 8

Here we are again, with more Twitter #weirdscifacts!

599. Nov 02: Digits of Pi have inspired a musical sequence and a whole symphony!  This comes via a tweet by @para_sight; also, @physicsman points out, “Given that Pi is non-repeating the binary version of the sequence contains every symphony in every codec in every bit rate.”

600. Nov 03: Fossilized red penguins in the Peruvian desert?  It is odd enough to note that fossils of penguins have been found in a desert, but it was also determined that these penguins were red!  (h/t @kimberly_gerson@ejwillingham)

601. Nov 04: Via @blakestacey, the “tea leaf paradox“: stirring tea invariably leads to tea in middle bottom of cup!  This is a wonderful example of nontrivial science typically sitting unnoticed in plain sight!  One would think that the tea leaves would be pulled to the edges of the cup by centrifugal force, but as is often the case the actual physics is more complicated.  (Picture via Wikipedia.)

602. Nov 05: Mathematician attempts the world’s ugliest piece of music.  While we’re talking about music, it’s worth noting a mathematical attempt to produce genuinely horrible music.  (Avoiding obvious Nickelback joke.)  (h/t @patrickneville)

603. Nov 06: Urohidrosis: some bird species lower their body temperature by defecating on their own legs.

604. Nov 07: “Mars” “Crew” 520 day experiment ends, but 2000 attempt ended in drunken disaster!  The “disaster” is referenced at the bottom of the linked article.  Considering that a trip to Mars will take more than a year, experiments such as these are necessary to test human response to prolonged confinement and isolation.  As is often the case, the “Twilight Zone” was way ahead of the curve on this one.

605. Nov 08: Sinister alliances: Groupers and moray eels can hunt as a team!  (recent post by @edyong209)

Posted in Weirdscifacts | 2 Comments

Weird Fiction Monday: The Toybox

It’s time for Weird Fiction Monday, when I post stories that I’ve written — both new and old — for the entertainment (hopefully) of my readers!  As always, I note that I haven’t done extensive editing of the tales here, so don’t be surprised to find the writing a little rough.

This particular story was written in 2003.  I’ll say a little more about it at the end of the post.

The Toybox

When Jennifer saw the truck pull up outside the house, she was all smiles and excitement. Daddy was home! She left her room and rushed down the stairs as fast as she was allowed, chasing her cat Snickers before her.

“Mom! Mom! He’s here!” she called out. Mom was sitting at the kitchen counter, working on her house selling, and didn’t look up when Jennifer came in. Snickers fled out through his kitty door.

“It’s about time,” Mom said, shuffling some papers. “Why don’t you go out and greet him?”

Jennifer needed no further encouragement. But when she got outside, she could see that Daddy had brought two of his friends with him — and she knew what that meant.

“Hey, my little sprout,” Daddy said, holding his arms out.  Jennifer went to him, though her enthusiasm was dimmed. Daddy’s friends waited by the truck.

“Hi, Daddy.”

He held her out at arm’s length.

“Look at you — you’re sprouting more all the time. Pretty soon I’ll have to wear stilts to hug you.”

Jennifer giggled, in spite of her changing mood.

“Where’s your mother?” Daddy asked.

“Inside, working.”

Daddy swept his arm towards the door.  “Well, let’s go say hi to her.”

He took Jennifer’s hand and led her towards the house. Before getting there, he turned once to his friends waiting by the truck.

“I’ll be out in a couple of minutes,” he told them.

“No worries,” one of them said. He was holding a softball.

Daddy rapped on the screen door before going inside.

“Knock, knock,” he said. Mom’s voice answered from inside the house.

“Come on in, Mark,” she said. Daddy led Jennifer back inside by her hand, and together they went into the kitchen.

“Hi Andie,” Daddy greeted her. “Look, I hate to do this to you, but I can’t stay long today –”

“Why don’t you go get the pictures you’ve been drawing to show to your father?” Mom suddenly said to Jennifer. Jennifer looked at the two of them, looking at each other, and then she nodded and went out into the hallway.

She didn’t go all the way upstairs right away, though; she waited on the first flight, out of sight of the kitchen, and listened.

“Anyway,” Daddy was saying, “I really can’t stay today. The catcher caught the flu last night, and the guys really need me to fill in.”

“Jesus, Mark,” Mom said. “Can’t you spend one goddamned Sunday a month with your daughter?”

“But the guys,” Daddy protested.

“And don’t you think I need some time to myself, too?” Mom was saying, but Jennifer went to her room and didn’t listen any more.

She didn’t get her pictures, like her mom had suggested; she picked up one of her dolls, lay down on her bed, and fidgeted with the doll restlessly. A little later her bedroom door opened.

“Hey, kiddo kid,” Daddy said. Jennifer didn’t look at him, but he came over to the bed and scratched her head.

“I really can’t stay today, sprout; important stuff’s come up, and I need to go.”

“I know.”

“I brought you something, though; why don’t you come downstairs and I’ll show you.”

Jennifer allowed herself to be led back downstairs and outside. Daddy’s two friends were pulling a big, fat thing out of the back of his truck, swearing as they did so.

It was horrible.

“Jesus, Mark, what the hell is that?” Mom asked. She had come outside behind them.

“It’s a toybox,” Daddy answered.

It looked like a big frog made of wood. It was big and round and brown, with four little legs, and rough skin. It had two white little eyes that stuck out and looked like they were looking at you wherever you were.

Continue reading

Posted in Fiction | 2 Comments

Help out a science/history blogger!

Those of you who have been around the science and history blogosphere long enough have probably become familiar with the excellent work of John McKay, who writes both at his personal blog archy and at Mammoth Tales.

The economy has been punishing a lot of us to varying degrees, and it has been hitting John and his wife particularly hard over the past few years — they’re in rough financial straits and could use a hand to keep themselves going.

The best way to help at this time?  John’s wife produces a line of high quality soaps and other scented products, under the label Howling Pig.

If you have a need of some really good soap or fragrance, please consider throwing a few dollars their way!  I’m going to start out with $50 worth of soaps, and plan on getting more for the holiday season (my family doesn’t smell too good!).  Also, if anyone needs a good writer in the Seattle area, please consider hiring the immensely talented John.

For those who know Bora Zivkovic, the “blogfather”, I should add that he gives Howling Pig his personal seal of approval!

For the record, I don’t consider such donations as “charity” per se; rather, it is an opportunity to show a talented writer and historian that his work and time really is valuable to me.

Posted in Personal | 4 Comments

Weird science facts, October 26 — November 1

This is a special edition of Twitter #weirdscifacts: it is also my 1000th blog post at Skulls in the Stars!

(image source)

Not sure exactly what I should do to celebrate: post your suggestions in the comments!

In the meantime, here are the facts for the week:

592. Oct 26: The world’s oldest museum? 2500 years old, built by a Babylonian princess. It is fascinating to realize that the basic display labels from this ancient museum are now museum pieces in their own right.

593. Oct 27: Barnacle penises shaped by waves!  (Post by @kzelnio, h/t @jenlucpiquant)

594. Oct 28: Giant freshwater stingray of SE Asia, which lives in rivers and weighs up to 1300 lbs.  (h/t @highlyanne)

595. Oct 29: Pope Sylvester II (946-1003), was accused of witchcraft — but was in fact a mathematician!  In those early days, people of exceptional knowledge were often accused of witchcraft.  Sylvester was the first Christian known to teach math using the Arabic numerals and zero.

596. Oct 30: Max Born (1882-1970), one of the founders of quantum mechanics, also has a famous granddaughter: Olivia Newton-John.  I have personal experience with this, as my thesis advisor Emil Wolf wrote a classic optics text with Born.  Wolf actually has an autographed photo of Olivia in his office, as he has met her and corresponded with her a number of times.

597. Oct 31: Did a volcanic eruption lead to the creation of “Frankenstein”?  Special Halloween weird fact!!! The 1815 volcanic eruption of Tambora was the most powerful in recorded history, releasing over 100 times as much material as the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.  The ash cloud blanketed the atmosphere and reflected sunlight away from the Earth, leading to a global drop in temperatures.  1816 was known as “The Year Without a Summer”, with dramatically unseasonable and intemperate weather.  This bad weather ruined the summer of a circle of friends vacationing in Switzerland, including Lord Byron and Mary Shelley.  Trapped indoors in the gloom, the group proposed a ghost story writing contest — Shelley produced the first draft of the immortal “Frankenstein”!

Was the volcano really responsible, even indirectly, for the creation of “Frankenstein”?  It’s impossible to say for certain, but the case in favor is reasonable.  (h/t @MGhydro)

598. Nov 01: A life-saving medical procedure: fecal transplants!  It sounds bizarre, and the news reporters in the accompanying video were, in my opinion, rather obnoxious the patient; nevertheless, it is remarkable how effective such a transplant is!  (h/t @canislatrans)

Posted in Weirdscifacts | 3 Comments