Classic Science Paper: Otto Wiener’s experiment (1890)

Update: In my haste to finish this “monster” post, I neglected to include an introduction to standing waves, an explanation which is crucial to understanding the experiment.  That oversight has been corrected.

A couple of weeks ago I issued a “challenge” to my fellow science bloggers: find, read, and blog about a classic, (preferably pre-WWII) scientific paper. There’s so much interesting historical context and methodological information hidden away that’s worth a second look.

For my part in the challenge, I chose an 1890 paper by Otto Wiener, “Stehende Lichtwellen und die Schwingungsrichtung polarisirten Lichtes,” Ann. Phys. Chem. 38 (1890), 203-243. Loosely translated, the title is, “Standing light waves and the oscillation direction of the polarization of light.”

The experiment that Wiener performed, as we will see, is conceptually simple and elegant. I foolishly thought that this would “translate” into a short, easy to cope with paper. As one can see from the citation above, no such luck: the paper is 40 pages of somewhat antiquated German! I accepted my fate, though, and soldiered on. A description begins below the fold…

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Posted in History of science, Optics, Physics | 19 Comments

Iron Man: Pretty damn cool!

Me & the fiancée just got back from seeing Iron Man, and I gotta say: cool! A few observations:

  1. The director, Jon Favreau, is to Hollywood films what a closer is to a baseball team. At least, that’s what he’s starting to look like to me: the guy who can take what seems like a losing situation and turn it around. He made Elf a genuinely funny film, and he took what I would have considered one of the most difficult Marvel characters to translate to film and made what is one of the best comic-to-film translations yet.
  2. Robert Downey Jr. also does a masterful job of making Tony Stark simultaneously rather reprehensible and incredibly likable.
  3. Cheers to Jeff Bridges as well. I own all the original “Iron Monger” series of Iron Man comics and loved them, and I had my doubts that he could carry the character, but he did so excellently. Now I’ve got this urge to head back to my childhood home and read them all again…
  4. There are a number of excellent in-jokes for those fans of Marvel comics in general and Iron Man in particular, and not just the obligatory Stan Lee appearance.
  5. Speaking of in-jokes, make sure you stay ’till the end of the credits for one of the coolest end ‘stingers’ ever!
  6. Recently a poll was done on ScienceBlogs about the best ‘pro-science’ movies.  I’d like to think Iron Man has a place on the list!
Posted in Entertainment | 4 Comments

Mrs. SkySkull?

As of yesterday evening, ‘Babs67 aka The Girlfriend’ became ‘Babs67 aka The Fiancée’! I proposed at one of our favorite local restaurants, and she said yes! (I wasn’t particularly worried about the answer, considering we had spent a number of weekends investigating rings.)

The manager of the restaurant, once he realized what was going on, paid for our dinner. This immediately started us thinking about doing multiple ‘proposals’ for the next couple of weeks at various restaurants!

In other news, single women throughout the world breathed a collective sigh of relief last night… 🙂

Posted in Personal | 16 Comments

Richard Laymon and a bit of a horror fiction pet peeve

As I believe I’ve mentioned before, part of my motivation for writing this blog was to give myself a reason to reinvestigate one of my “lost loves”: horror fiction. I’ve been reading massive amounts of horror since then, from some of the oldest Gothic works to the most recent publications. Some of it has been edifying, but some of it has also been rather disappointing.

One of the contemporary authors I’ve been investigating is Richard Laymon, who has been in print since 1980. I’ve never read his stuff before, but recently I gave two of his books a try. One, The Beast House, is from his early phase, and the other, To Wake the Dead, is only a few years old. I discuss both books, which are… okay, below the fold, but they also remind me of one of my pet peeves of contemporary horror fiction, which I feel like ranting about a bit.

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Posted in Horror | 26 Comments

A couple of cool, albeit impractical, clocks

I’m between “blog thoughts” today, but I thought I’d point out a couple of cool clocks that I “stumbled upon” in recent weeks. Though I don’t think either of them will help Tom with his research, they’re both pretty cool. Below the fold…

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Posted in General science | 8 Comments

Tim Lebbon: “Berserk” and “The Everlasting”

I haven’t been doing much horror blogging recently, though I have been busy with horror reading. A couple of books by Tim Lebbon recently caught my eye, and I thought I’d offer a few thoughts about them.

First, a rhetorical question: what is it with the U.K. and horror? So many of the best horror authors these days are British: there’s Clive Barker, Ramsey Campbell, Brian Lumley, and Graham Masterton, to name a few. Now we can also add to that list Tim Lebbon. Though I don’t necessarily rank him as the equal, yet, to the other authors I’ve mentioned, he’s an excellent writer with some intriguing ideas. His first novel came out in 1996, so he hasn’t been around as long as the others, either.

Two novels whose premises caught my attention that I had to read were Lebbon’s Berserk and The Everlasting, and I discuss them both below the fold…

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Posted in Horror | 1 Comment

New theoretical results in the study of extraordinary optical transmission

ResearchBlogging.org Right after “challenging” my fellow science bloggers to find and write about an old scientific paper, I take a hypocritical turn and write about some recent results in the theory of extraordinary optical transmission!

In a paper that came out recently in Nature*, authors Haitao Liu and Philippe Lalanne present a new model for the phenomenon now known as “extraordinary optical transmission”. The relatively simple pen-and-paper model they’ve developed provides results which are quantitatively in agreement with exact numerical simulations, and promises to be a powerful tool in the study of plasmonic nano-optical systems.

But what is extraordinary optical transmission, what are plasmons, and what is the relevance of both to nano-optics? Before I describe the results of the recent publication, I give a background on these questions, and others related to nano-optics.

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Posted in Optics, Physics | 10 Comments

A fun challenge for science bloggers

Note: For those looking for it, I’ve put up an official page with links to all entries here.

One of the things that I still find incredibly fun about being a scientist is the ability to “touch” history, in the form of the original publication of now famous scientific results. I’m reminded of my undergraduate days, when a classmate and I were discussing the topic of Čerenkov radiation, which had become relevant in our high-energy physics discussions. We didn’t completely understand the idea, so the next day my classmate came in with a photocopy of Čerenkov’s original (well, translated) 1934 paper. That was the first time it dawned on me that, as scientists, we could go right to the “source”, so to speak, and in essence learn about science from the famous people who performed it.

There’s a lot more to learn in going to the source than one might think. As Tom at Swans on Tea observed recently,

The “materials at hand” is one thing that continually amazes me. I read details of some century-old experiment and am reminded that their apparatus and supplies were hand-crafted, often in the same lab. You read about Rutherford doing alpha-scattering experiments in pure nitrogen. Did he order a tank of compressed nitrogen from the local welding-supplies shop, like I do? Of course not.

The nitrogen was obtained by the well-known method of adding ammonium chloride to sodium nitrite, and stored over water.

(My well-known method involves the internet and a credit card)

My “challenge”, for those sciencebloggers who choose to accept it, is this: read and research an old, classic scientific paper and write a blog post about it. I recommend choosing something pre- World War II, as that was the era of hand-crafted, “in your basement”-style science. There’s a lot to learn not only about the ingenuity of researchers in an era when materials were not readily available, but also about the problems and concerns of scientists of that era, often things we take for granted now!

(I’ve already got my paper picked out, though I miscalculated a bit: I thought it was a straightforward experiment that couldn’t be more than a two-page paper, but it’s about 40 pages – and in German!)

P.S. Hopefully it was clear from the original post, but my “challenge” extends to sciencebloggers of all branches, not just physics bloggers: I’d be really interested to read about some of the landmark papers in biology, chemistry, and math, too!

Posted in General science | 67 Comments

The Animated Skeleton, by Anonymous

I have a tendency, when I start to study a subject, of pushing continuously further back in the subject’s history. This is certainly true of my horror readings, in which I’ve now regressed into studying early Gothic fiction.

I’ve mentioned before how today might be considered a ‘golden age’ of sorts for studying classic horror, because of the number of quality publishers printing extremely rare texts. Yet another publisher of this sort is Valancourt Books, which specializes in the publishing of early Gothic fiction. The first title I decided to read is The Animated Skeleton, by an anonymous author, and I discuss it, with some spoilers, below the fold…

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Posted in Horror | 3 Comments

Ach! Zombies!

For the first April in a while, I’m really sorry I’m not back in Chicago (usually the weather’s still too crappy to contemplate). On the 26th, there will be a zombie pub crawl in the city!

The best part is this: even if you don’t stumble effectively like a zombie at the beginning of the night, you’ll have it mastered by the end!

(Via Shakesville; “There; pretty as a picture!”)

Posted in Entertainment | Tagged | 2 Comments