My appearances on Artologica and BBC Crowdscience!

Recently I’ve made a couple of appearances outside of my blog talking about science and I thought I would share them here!

First, I collaborated with my artist friend Michele on a post talking about the optics of shimmering interference paints; you can read the full post on her substack Artologica.

Second, I was asked for an interview on BBC Crowdscience to answer questions about — what else? — the physics of how cats land on their feet when they fall! The interview just went up today in a segment of answers to listeners’ questions and you can listen to it here.

I always enjoy outside interviews and collaborations, and I hope you enjoy my participation in them as well!

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My search for boardgames for seniors

I’m now in my mid-50s and my parents are in their 80s and are starting to experience the age-related cognitive problems that most of us will eventually encounter if we live that long. My dad in particular has very poor short-term memory now and is living in a senior home, a situation he finds rather dull considering he spent his life being a wanderer both at home and abroad.

To help keep him entertained, I’ve been finding boardgames that we can play together when I visit. This turns out to be a non-trivial challenge for several reasons. Memory issues make learning any new game rather challenging, so rules have to be relatively simple and intuitive — no Magic Realm for us! This means that most of the games available are ones that are tailored more towards children, but this is also not ideal because neither my dad nor I are in the mood to play Candyland. There are classic games that he still has a recollection of how to play, like Monopoly, but that game is absolutely terrible and genuinely not fun. As I told my dad, Monopoly is only fun because of the people you’re playing it with. Another constraint is time — I don’t want to play a game that takes several hours for a single session, so games with a 20-30 minute turnaround are ideal. That way we can play a couple of different games and multiple rounds when I visit.

So I’ve been experimenting with various games to find a set that we can play regularly, are easy enough to learn, fast to play, and entertaining enough to play repeatedly. I thought I would share my results and give a ranking of their suitability for this purpose.

NOTE: all the games I mention here are good games in general, so my ranking is not about whether they’re good in general, but all about their suitability for playing with seniors with memory issues.

Tsuro: 9/10. I’ve had this game for ages and it is good for all ages and pretty much any occasion. Players take turns laying out a path tile in front of their token and following the path as far as they can go. The goal is to be the last one run off the edge of the board. Very simple rules that are quick to learn and follow, and the game has a nice mix of randomness (tile drawing) and strategy (choose one of three tiles in your hand to place). The only limitation for aging seniors is the abstract nature of the game — I noticed that it is perhaps a little harder to follow simply because it doesn’t represent situation in the real world to give context and help the player remember the objective and the strategy. Still, one I’ve played the most with my dad.

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Between Two Rivers, by Moudhy Al-Rashid

Book 26 for my 2025 goal of 30 books for the year! As is now default for me, my link to the book is through my bookshop dot org affiliate account.

I have long had a huge fascination with the ancient Near East, fostered by my dad’s lifetime love of ancient Egypt. In fact, when I was in college, I was required to take a history and a language course, and I took a course on ancient Near East history along with a course on ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. So when I saw that one of my internet friends Moudhy Al-Rashid had written a book on the history of Mesopotamia, I knew I would have to read it as soon as possible. Between Two Rivers came out in mid-August, and it finally made it into my hands over this past week.

This book is one of the most wonderful things I’ve ever read. Of course I may be biased thanks to my love of the history of the region, but I was captivated throughout the book and Al-Rashid made the civilizations that thrived there come alive in a way I’ve not experienced before.

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What is a Carnot engine?

I’ve recently been trying to “relearn” thermodynamics, a subject that I haven’t really looked at, or had to look at, for years. I put “relearn” in quotes because I never really learned it well in the first place! One of my jokes is that every student takes a thermodynamics course from someone who doesn’t really understand it, and then that student goes on to become a teacher who doesn’t really understand it, perpetuating the cycle of educational violence. I’ve been using a book on Basic Thermodynamics by Gerald Carrington that I’ve probably had for 30 years but never delved into in detail; it is a decent book, however, because it has a large number of exercises and provides answers to those questions that are numerical in nature.

It’s been a lot of fun — and a lot of work — trying to relearn these concepts, and I thought it would also be entertaining to talk about some of them here! One of the big fundamental concepts in thermodynamics is the Carnot engine, which operates on the so-called Carnot cycle, named after Sadi Carnot, so let’s take a look at it and why it is of such fundamental importance. A small warning: we’ll do a little bit of math here, but only simple algebra, which we’ll use to prove Carnot’s theorem about the maximum efficiency of heat engines.

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Appendix N: The Eldritch Roots of Dungeons & Dragons, edited by Peter Bebergal

Book 25 for my 2025 goal of 30 books for the year! As is now default for me, my link to the book is through my bookshop dot org affiliate account.

As folks are probably aware from this blog, I am a big fan of Dungeons & Dragons and a longtime player. I got my start in the hobby the way a lot of people did: through reading classic sword-and-sorcery stories like Robert E. Howard’s Conan tales and wanting to play through some of that adventure myself. Thus, when I came across Appendix N: The Eldritch Roots of Dungeons & Dragons, edited by Peter Bebergal (2020), I had to read it!

A little background information is needed to understand the title. When the first edition of the Dungeon Master’s Guide for D&D appeared in 1979, it included an appendix, Appendix N, that was Gary Gygax’s personal list of “Educational and Inspirational Reading.” This included classic sword-and-sorcery like Howard’s Conan series, high fantasy like Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings, adventure novels like A. Merritt’s Dwellers in the Mirage, and stories that fall into a mix of fantasy and science fiction like Sterling Lanier’s Hiero’s Journey. This list is a treasure in and of itself, albeit one from a single person’s perspective, and others followed Gygax’s lead. For the 1981 Basic D&D set, Tom Moldvay included his own inspirational source material, and 5th edition D&D had its own list.

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The Dead Come to Stay, by Brandy Schillace

Book 24 for my 2025 goal of 30 books for the year! As is now default for me, my link to the book is through my bookshop dot org affiliate account.

I’ve been online friends with Brandy Schillace for a number of years through science communication, and earlier this year was a guest on her podcast The Peculiar Book Club talking about my own book on Invisibility. Last year, she released her first novel The Framed Women of Ardmore House, though I didn’t get a chance to read it — had a lot going on in my life in 2024 — but I vowed I would catch up with her next book, The Dead Come to Stay, which just released this month.

When Jo Jones moved to North Yorkshire to take over her family estate, she expected it would be a peaceful change of pace. Instead, she became entangled in a murder case (The Framed Women of Ardmore House) that led to the burning of the main manor house. She has plans to open the historic gardens of the estate to the public, but in the meantime has to make ends meet and opts to rent out a room in her cottage. Her first guest arrives late at night and seems like a nice enough fellow, but he is found dead in a ditch the next day. This brings in the town detective James MacAdams to investigate, and right off the bat the case doesn’t make sense. Clearly the guest was murdered, but not at Jo’s home, and he seems not even to have spent the night in the room he rented.

While MacAdams puzzles over the mystery, Jo has her own less lethal mystery to solve. She has been tracking down the history of her ancestors, including a late uncle she lost touch with and a mysterious woman in a painting that was deliberately defaced. Jo’s investigation will lead her to cross paths with MacAdams again and again, and the two of them end up drawing ever closer to a criminal conspiracy — and a murderer who is willing to do anything to keep it a secret.

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Conan the Barbarian: Twisting Loyalties, by Jim Zub

Book 23 for my 2025 goal of 30 books for the year! As is now default for me, my link to the book is through my bookshop dot org affiliate account.

I haven’t read many comics in recent years, even though I was a huge reader in years past, though I enjoy jumping back into the format from time to time. I’m also, as the title of this blog indicates, a huge Robert E. Howard and Conan the Barbarian fan, so I was delighted when Titan Comics offered me a review copy of the most recent compilation of Conan the Barbarian comics, Twisting Loyalties, covering issues #17-20!

The four issues cover two connected two-issue stories connected to Conan’s time with Bêlit, Pirate Queen of the Black Coast. Bêlit was first introduced in Howard’s 1934 story Queen of the Black Coast, often considered one of the best of the Conan tales. In it, Conan takes passage on a merchant vessel to flee from the civil authorities of the city of Argos, but the ship is attacked by Bêlit’s pirates. The pirates slaughter the entire crew, save Conan, whose fighting spirit earns Bêlit’s love. In a striking and unusual arrangement, Conan becomes Bêlit’s mate, serving in a subservient role to her authority, and the pair build infamy for their piracy. The story ends when they take their ship in search of cursed treasure in the jungle and Bêlit is killed; in a scene that was later borrowed by the Conan the Barbarian movie, however, her spirit comes back to save Conan one last time.

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18 years of Skulls in the Stars!

I’m pretty bad with anniversaries, so I’m glad that WordPress reminded me! Today marks 18 years of blogging at Skulls in the Stars. What started as a fleeting experiment became a pretty significant part of my life.

18 years… wow.

Lots more to come, as I don’t plan on stopping any time soon! If anyone is curious, here is my very first post — published back in 2007!

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Maxwell invents a demon, people get angry (1879)

Some time ago, I was browsing 150 year old popular science magazines as one does and I found an amusing editorial from 1879 in The Popular Science Monthly titled “Explanations that do not explain.” The unsigned editorial discussed a recent lecture by the famed William Thomson aka Lord Kelvin that itself was titled “Maxwell’s Sorting Demons.”

“Maxwell’s demon” is a famous thought experiment first introduced by the groundbreaking physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1867 and which still provokes thoughtful discussions and controversy to this day. The funny thing about the editorial in Popular Science Monthly is that the editor/editors clearly did not understand the point of Maxwell’s argument and seem genuinely angry that it was introduced at all! To me, this is comparable to, albeit not quite as bad, as the infamous 1920 NYT editorial that claimed that it is impossible for rockets to fly in space! (The NYT posted a correction some 50 years later, as astronauts were on their way to the moon.)

I’ve recently been brushing up on my thermodynamics, and this all seems like a good opportunity for me to explain a little bit of the subject and how Maxwell’s demon has played a noteworthy role in trying to understand some truly fundamental physics. It’s good practice for me, though I will stress that I’m still brushing up so I might make some goofs along the way — hopefully not! We’ll wrap up by talking about the angry letter of Popular Science Monthly.

This post is quite long, because I cover a lot of background material, so I have separated it into different sections for easy reading over several sessions, if needed.

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The Tripods: The Pool of Fire, by John Christopher

Book 22 for my 2025 goal of 30 books for the year! As is now default for me, my link to the book is through my bookshop dot org affiliate account.

In each of the modern printings of John Christopher’s The Tripods books, Christopher gives a preface to the text. In the first two of the series, he talks about some of the behind-the-scenes of writing the novels, but in the third book he becomes much more philosophical, and asks: if humanity wins against the Tripods, what comes next? After winning the war, how does one win the peace? The novels describe how the Masters of the Tripods eliminated war and conflict by mind controlling the vast majority of the population; if that control is removed, can humanity learn from its mistakes and move forward?

The Pool of Fire follows The White Mountains and The City of Gold and Lead in following a young man named Will Parker as he flees the control of the Tripods and joins an active resistance movement of free humans. The Tripods conquered humanity many years before and now “cap” every human when they reach puberty, stifling their creativity and their will to resist the orders of the mysterious Masters. The first book follows Will and friends as they flee from home and the threat of being capped by the Tripods; in the second book, they undertake a covert operation into a city of the Masters to learn their nature and their weaknesses. In the third book, the knowledge they gain is used in a plan to defeat the Tripods; this plan is especially urgent because Will’s actions in the first book have convinced the Masters to eliminate humanity once and for all…

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