As I’ve mentioned a number of times before, my optics specialty is physical optics, which is the study of the wave properties of light. In order to understand those wave properties, however, it is important to understand what a ‘wave’ is and what it can do. This article is an attempt to answer these questions in a non-technical way for the layperson.
This is not as easy to do as one might think. Most of us are aware of numerous wave phenomena: waves on a string (such as a guitar string), water waves, sound waves (acoustical waves), seismic waves (earthquakes), ‘The Wave’ at football games. There are also many less familiar examples: light waves, particle waves (quantum mechanics), gravitational waves (caused by collapsing stars, for instance). It is quite difficult, however, to explain what these phenomena have in common. Furthermore, as we will see, any definition of a ‘wave’ that we come up with will have exceptions. I suspect most physicists would give a definition of a wave that’s similar to the Potter Stewart definition of hard-core pornography: “I know it when I see it.” We will do the best we can, though, and note those exceptions as they arise.
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